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Choose a sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB radiation that has high to very high protection, i.e. SPF 30-50+. Sunscreens that also provide good protection against UVA radiation will have a UVA symbol (the letters UVA in a circle) on the packaging. In addition, we recommend choosing a photostable sunscreen which means that it does not lose its effect when you are in the sun (read more about photostable sunscreens here).
Do your skin a favor by choosing a product that doesn't contain perfume. Many perfumes are allergenic substances and its effects can be intensified when exposed to direct sunlight.
To get the right protection from the sun's harmful UV rays, it's a good idea to keep an eye on the UV index in your area - depending on what level it is, you can choose a higher or lower sunscreen. The UV index is an international standard used to measure how intense (i.e. harmful) the UV rays are in a given place and at a given time. The picture below shows what the UV index is normally like in Sweden.
Figure 1. UV index variation with season, weather and time of day, the higher the index value the stronger the UV radiation you are exposed to.
During the summer season, the UV index in Scandinavian countries is usually between 4-7 and during the winter below 2. At a low UV index (below 2) there is no need to use sunscreen, but at a higher UV index (between 4-7) the risks of negative effects from radiation increase and you need to protect yourself.
A general recommendation is to use high to very high sun protection (SPF 30-50+) daily if you are outdoors during the summer months (late March to October) as the UV index is highest during this time.
Gör vårt solskyddstest här för mer info om val av solskydd.
To get the protection promised on the packaging, you need to apply the sunscreen in an even andthick layerand also reapply at regular intervals, especially if you have been swimming or exercising. How often you need to do this depends on how active you are and how much the product rubs off, but as a rule it is good to reapply every two hours and especially after swimming. Below is our recommendation on how much to apply for face and body.
To make sure you get the protection it says on the packet, apply more than you normally would. As much as 30-40 ml should be applied to the body to get full protection. And how much is 30-40 ml? That's about as much cream as will fit in your cupped hand.
When it comes to the face, over 1-2ml of sunscreen is the way to go. The vast majority of us take too little sunscreen for the face so bear in mind that you need to take much more than what might feel right to get the protective effect. So slather it on properly, better too much than too little!
What protects in a sunscreen are different types of filters that are usually divided into organic (chemical) and mineral (physical) filters. Many people use organic filters because they provide a more comfortable and better product to apply, as they do not give the white slightly sticky skin on the skin that products with high levels of mineral filters can give.
From a skin perspective, the mineral filters titanium dioxide and zinc oxide may be preferable because they do not penetrate (pass through) the skin. Therefore, the body is less likely to react to mineral filters. It is partly because of the low risk of allergies that mineral filters are often used for children and people with sensitive skin. However, the cosmetic effect can be of concern as mineral filters can leave a white film on the skin.
De nya och mest moderna organiska filtren består dock av större molekyler som även de har mycket låg benägenhet att penetrera huden. För dessa ämnen har fördelarna med de organiska filtren och mineralfiltren kombinerats, d v s de ger en skön produkt att smörja in samtidigt som de är så pass stora att de stannar på utsidan av vår hud. Vår uppfattning är därför att den bästa solskyddsprodukten, som ger bäst skydd och bäst produkt att smörja in, är den som innehåller en kombination av moderna organiska filter och mineralfiltren zinkoxid och titandioxid.
Bland de organiska filtren anser vi att man bör undvika ämnena från den äldre generationen, de som har en mindre molekylstorlek och som kan penetrera huden. Den äldre generationen filter har en större benägenhet att orsaka allergier och hudproblem, man har även i vissa fall uppmätt halter av dem i urinen, vilket visar på ett upptag och sett hormonstörande effekter. De har även i många fall visats ha en negativ påverkan på miljön.
To find out what is what, look for the following in the INCI list of the product:
Examples of new modern organic UV filters (INCI) that we recommend are: Bis-Ethylhexyoxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone, Ethylhexyl Triazone, Tris Biphenyl Triazine, Ethylene-bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol Disodium Phenyl Dibenzimidazole Tetrasulfonate.
Names of the older generation organic UV filters (INCI) that should be avoided: Benzophenone-3, Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, Homosalate, Ethylhexyl Salicylate, Octocrylene, Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid, 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor, Ethylhexyl Dimethyl PABA
Mineral filters in sunscreens we recommend (INCI): Titanium dioxide, zinc oxide.
Vårt tips är även att välja solskyddsprodukter från europeiska företag utvecklade för den europeiska marknaden, då de oftare använder nyare varianter av UV-filter som är bättre från ett hud- och hälsoperspektiv. FDA, som reglerar användningen av UV-filter i USA, har än så länge inte godkänt flera av de europeiska varianterna och amerikanska företag tenderar därför att fortfarande använda de äldre filtren. Är du intresserad av olika UV-filters miljöpåverkan kan du läsa mer här.
Clothing is the first line of defense against the sun. How do different items of clothing affect how well you are protected? Here are some ground rules:
Mörka kläder: Svart och marinblått, absorberar mer UV-strålar än ljusare färger som vitt och pastellfärger. Till exempel ger en vanlig vit t-shirt i bomull en SPF på endast ca 10.
Som en tumregel - ju mer intensiv nyansen är, desto bättre skydd kommer kläderna att ge.
Material: Like color, the material and texture of your clothing can affect how well it protects you from UV rays. Synthetic and semi-synthetic fibers like polyester or rayon are the best choices for sun protection, as are dense, heavy, tightly woven fabrics like wool, denim or corduroy. At the opposite end of the spectrum are lightweight fabrics (such as refined cotton), which tend to be thinner and thus allow more light to pass through. Example:
Size: It is quite obvious that the more skin you cover, the better you are protected. It can be easy to forget that the same goes for hats! The best hats for sun protection have a wide brim (3 inches or more). Don't forget to wear sunglasses and feel free to use a pair of sturdy sunglasses with wide lenses that cover your eyes, eyelids and as much of the surrounding areas as possible.
Loose fit: A loose-fitting shirt provides better SPF than a tight one.